【爱马斯全球】给每个行业的6个安全小建议

Safety is no accident. Safety affects everyone in every industry.  In fact, workplace injuries and illnesses significantly impact everyone whether it’s – employers profits, workers health or rising insurance costs for consumers.  However, accidents are preventable with safety protocols, proper training and safety products. 

安全顾名思义,即是没有意外发生。安全对各个行业的每个人都至关重要。事实上，工作场所的伤害和疾病对每个人都有显著的影响,包括雇主的利润、工人的健康状况，消费者的保险成本。然而，安全事故是可以通过签订安全协议，适当的培训和给员工配备安全防备产品来预防。

The benefits of a workplace safety program can directly affect the company’s bottom line, reducing costs and improving productivity. Every workplace has hazards that endanger workers, but many of these issues are avoidable with the proper safety protocals, safety gear, and training.

公司拥有一个工作安全系统能直接降低基层生产线成本，提高生产力。对于工人来说，工作环境时刻都存在安全隐患，但是可以通过与工人签订适当的安全协议，给他们配备安全装备和安全培训，来避免安全问题。

1. De-clutter to prevent falls 

避免工作场所凌乱以防工人跌落

Falls are one of the most common workplace injuries and resulted in 699 fatal injuries in 2013, according to the Bureau of Labor Statistics. Even in cases with no fatalities, falling to a lower level may cause serious injuries. Unsafe practices and a low safety culture across many industries define steady fall injury rates year after year.   According to a CDC study, “Fall injuries constitute a considerable financial burden: workers’ compensation and medical costs associated with occupational fall incidents have been estimated at approximately $70 billion annually in the United Sates.”

摔伤是最常见工伤，据美国劳动局统计，仅在2013年，美国就有699列致命摔伤。在一些案件中，从较低处摔下，虽没有致死，但是却造成了严重残疾。很多行业的不合规操作和缺乏安全意识导致坠伤率长年未降低。根据美国疾病控制和预防中心的研究：工人的摔伤构成了相当大的经济负担，每年在美国，工人因摔伤导致的医疗赔偿和成本约达700亿美元。

Falls often occur in the workplace because of cluttered areas, slippery or uneven floor surfaces, floor holes, wall openings, unprotected edges and improperly positioned ladders. Although the U.S. Occupational Safety and Health Association has regulations requiring specific fall protection measures for different industries, falls may still be common due to a lack of safety culture in an organization. To avoid falls, companies should ensure all working areas are free from clutter. In addition, shoe covers with rubberized grips give workers better traction.

在工作场所，摔伤时有发生，大多是因杂乱的工作场所，湿滑或者凹凸不平的地板，地板的洞，墙上的裂口，无保护边缘和随意放置梯子而导致。虽然美国职业安全与健康协会规定，需要针对不同行业制定具体防跌落措施，但实际上由于社会机构组织缺少安全意识，跌落摔伤仍然是普遍现象。为避免跌倒，公司应该确保所有工作区域整洁。此外，给工人配备防滑鞋套能加大工人鞋底与地面的抓力，从而更加安全操作。

2. A culture of safety starts with you 

安全文化从你开始

Understanding the unique risks at your company or in your industry helps managers create effective training. Emphasize the importance of safety so employees take it to heart. Workplace safety should be an early area of focus when new workers start at the company. Conduct regular inspections to identify anything that could become a hazard.管理人员应了解公司或者该行业里存在的特殊风险，来制定有效的员工培训，应提醒员工牢记安全的重要性，当新员工培训时，工作场所安全应当是首先要对他们提及的。此外，定期检查工地来排除危险因素也是十分必要的。

3. Train workers on all tools and equipment

全面使用工具设备来培训员工

Tools and equipment help millions of workers get their jobs done in every industry every day.  Whether it’s heavy machinery in the industrial sector or surgeons tools in the medical and dental industry.  Tools and equipment are needed and so is the proper training.Anyone who works with specific machinery should receive training. In addition, equipment should be regularly checked to ensure it stays in working order. Improper use of tools and equipment  introduces risks into the workplace.  According to Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) –“It has been estimated that employers pay almost $1 billion per week for direct workers’ compensation costs alone.”

各个行业，不管是在重工业部门还是在外科和牙科，员工每天都需要工具设备来完成工作。

。所以安全设备工具以及适当的培训是必要的，并且任何使用特定机械工具的工人都应该接受安全培训。此外，公司应该定期检查设备，以确保工人的工作保持秩序，不会耽误，因为工具和设备的使用不当将增加工作产所的风险，根据职业安全与健康管理局（OSHA）调查：

据估计，雇主每周支付给工人的直接补偿费用近10亿美元！

4. Reduce workplace stress 

减少工作压力

Stressed out employees are more likely to be injured on the job. Long hours tire workers, making them less aware of their surroundings. Encourage workers to talk to their supervisors if they feel high levels of stress. Allow time for regular breaks so employees have a chance to recharge.

工作中，过度压力会使工人更加容易受伤，比如长时间工作的汽修轮胎工人，会更加忽略周围的工作环境（的安全性）。如果员工感到压力过强，应当积极与上司沟通交流。规定休息时间，这样员工可以恢复精力，能再次投入工作。

5. Lift correctly 

使用巧劲

Picking up heavy items improperly causes back injuries and chronic pain. Workers who need to lift heavy items should use proper form to avoid injury. Lift slowly and smoothly from the thighs, not the back. After picking up a heavy item, hold it close to the body. Use mechanical aids whenever possible to reduce the likelihood of back injuries.

工人长期搬运重型物体不当，会导致背部受伤和慢性疼痛。需要搬运重物的工人应该学会使用巧劲来避免受伤。正确举起方式应是：大腿使劲，缓慢平稳地举起，不要用背部使力，举起后，使重物靠近自己的身体。尽可能使用机械辅助举起重物，来减少背部受伤的可能性。

6. Use the right PPE for the job  

正确使用PPE工作

With risks in nearly every industry, some sectors must provide personal protective equipment for employees.  Whether it’s protection from harsh chemicals, avoiding cross-contamination, or preventing the spread of infection – PPE such as gloves are an essential tool for safety in every industry.  All employees need to be educated on how to use PPE, and all gear should fit well and be comfortable, which encourages employees to make use of it. Depending on the job, personal protective equipment like work gloves, disposable gloves or face masks greatly reduces the risk of workplace injury. When it comes to disposable gloves for barrier protection, employers need to be mindful of chemical and puncture resistance, fit and latex sensitivities. All PPE should be tested before implemented across an organization. In addition to gloves, companies may need face masks, sleeves, and other protective coverings.

几乎每个行业都存在风险，一些特殊部门必须要为员工提供个人保护装备(PPE)。PPE(比如手套)保障了每个行业的安全，特别是在防止化学品腐蚀，避免交叉感染和传播这些方面。因此所有员工都需要应该穿戴舒适的PPE，接受关于如何使用PPE的培训，并且雇主应当鼓励员工充分利用PPE来保护自己。对于某些工种，给工人配备PPE（比如工作手套，一次性手套/口罩)明显降低了工伤的发生。提到一次性保护手套，雇主应当注意手套的耐化学性和耐穿刺性、适合性和乳胶过敏性。所有的PPE在员工投入使用之前，都应当进行必要的测试。此外，除了手套，面罩、护袖和其他保护性的覆盖物品都是必要的。

Safety Matters to all industries – it affects employees health, employers profits, the public’s health costs and the global economy. Employers who invest in the safety of their employees see improved morale, increased productivity, lower costs and, most importantly, fewer injuries. 

安全影响每位员工的健康，包括公司的利润，公共卫生成本和全球经济。如果一个公司在安全方面投资，将会增强员工工作士气，提高生产力，降低成本，最重要的是最大程度保障员工的安全。